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44 results for “percent”

Formulae (41)

Percentage

\% = \frac{\text{part}}{\text{whole}} \times 100

What fraction of a whole a part represents, out of 100.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Percent of a Number

\text{value} = \frac{p}{100} \times N

Find p percent of a number N.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Percentage Change

\% \text{change} = \frac{\text{new} - \text{old}}{\text{old}} \times 100

Increase or decrease of a value as a percentage.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Discount Price

\text{price} = N \left(1 - \frac{p}{100}\right)

Final price after a percentage discount.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Sales Tax Total

\text{total} = N \left(1 + \frac{t}{100}\right)

Price after adding a percentage tax.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Tip Amount

\text{tip} = \frac{p}{100} \times \text{bill}

Gratuity as a percentage of the bill.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Percent Increase

new = old(1 + p)

Value after a percentage increase.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Percent Decrease

new = old(1 - p)

Value after a percentage decrease.

Arithmetic & BasicsBasic

Percent to Fraction

p\% = \frac{p}{100}

Convert a percentage to a fraction.

Statistics & ProbabilityIntermediate

Coefficient of Variation

CV = \frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\times 100\%

Relative variability as a percentage of the mean.

Statistics & ProbabilityIntermediate

Coefficient of Variation

CV = \frac{\sigma}{\mu}\times 100

Relative variability as a percentage of the mean.

Statistics & ProbabilityBasic

Percentile Rank

PR = \frac{\text{below}}{n}\times 100

Percentage of values below a given score.

ChemistryIntermediate

Percent Yield

\% = \frac{\text{actual}}{\text{theoretical}} \times 100

Efficiency of a chemical reaction.

ChemistryBasic

Percent Composition

\% = \frac{\text{mass of element}}{\text{molar mass}} \times 100

Mass percentage of an element in a compound.

ChemistryBasic

Mass Percent

\% = \frac{m_{solute}}{m_{solution}}\times 100

Concentration as a percentage by mass.

Nutrition & FoodBasic

Macro % of Calories

\%_M = \frac{E_M}{E_{total}} \times 100

Share of total energy coming from a given macronutrient.

Nutrition & FoodBasic

Percent Daily Value (%DV)

\%DV = \frac{a}{r} \times 100

How much a nutrient in a serving contributes to daily needs.

Nutrition & FoodIntermediate

Baker's Percentage

\%_i = \frac{m_i}{m_{flour}} \times 100

Every ingredient expressed relative to flour weight — the backbone of bread recipes.

Nutrition & FoodIntermediate

Dough Hydration

H = \frac{m_{water}}{m_{flour}} \times 100

Water as a percentage of flour — controls how wet and open a dough is.

Nutrition & FoodIntermediate

Yield Percentage

Y = \frac{m_{EP}}{m_{AP}} \times 100

Edible portion left after trimming, relative to the amount purchased.

Nutrition & FoodIntermediate

Food Cost Percentage

FC = \frac{c_{ingredients}}{p_{selling}} \times 100

Ingredient cost as a share of menu price — a core restaurant metric.

Finance & InterestBasic

Return on Investment

ROI = \frac{V_f - V_i}{V_i} \times 100\%

Percentage gain or loss on an investment.

Finance & InterestBasic

Profit Margin

\text{Margin} = \frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{Revenue}} \times 100\%

Profit as a percentage of revenue.

Finance & InterestBasic

Markup

\text{Markup} = \frac{\text{Price} - \text{Cost}}{\text{Cost}} \times 100\%

Increase over cost as a percentage.

Finance & InterestBasic

Dividend Yield

Y = \frac{\text{Dividend}}{\text{Price}}\times 100

Annual dividend as a percentage of share price.

Finance & InterestBasic

Gross Margin

GM = \frac{Revenue - COGS}{Revenue}\times 100

Percentage of revenue left after cost of goods.

AccountingIntermediate

Net Profit Margin

NPM = \dfrac{Net\ Income}{Revenue}\times 100\%

The percentage of revenue that survives as profit after all costs.

AccountingIntermediate

Operating Margin

OM = \frac{\text{Operating Income}}{Revenue}\times 100

Profit from core operations as a percent of revenue.

Business & CommerceBasic

Selling Price from Markup

SP = Cost \times (1 + m)

The price to charge after adding a percentage markup to unit cost.

Business & CommerceBasic

Discounted Price

P = List \times (1 - d)

The final price after applying a percentage discount to the list price.

Business & CommerceIntermediate

Churn Rate

Churn = \dfrac{Customers\ Lost}{Customers\ at\ Start}\times 100\%

The percentage of customers who stop buying over a period.

Business & CommerceAdvanced

Month-over-Month Growth

g = \left(\dfrac{V_1}{V_0}\right) - 1

The percentage change in a metric from one period to the next.

EconomicsBasic

GDP Growth Rate

g = \dfrac{GDP_1 - GDP_0}{GDP_0}\times 100\%

The percentage change in real output between two periods.

EconomicsBasic

Inflation Rate

\pi = \frac{CPI_1 - CPI_0}{CPI_0}\times 100

Percentage change in the price index.

Currency & ForexBasic

Currency % Change

\%\Delta = \dfrac{Rate_1 - Rate_0}{Rate_0}\times 100\%

The percentage move in an exchange rate between two points in time.

Currency & ForexIntermediate

Spread Percentage

Spread\% = \dfrac{Ask - Bid}{Ask}\times 100\%

The bid-ask spread expressed as a percentage of the ask price.

Currency & ForexIntermediate

Appreciation / Depreciation

App\% = \dfrac{Rate_1 - Rate_0}{Rate_0}\times 100\%

The percentage by which a currency strengthens (positive) or weakens (negative).

Everyday MathBasic

Discount Price

\text{Final} = P(1 - d)

Price after a percentage discount.

Everyday MathBasic

Tip Amount

\text{Tip} = B \times r

Gratuity based on a bill amount.

Everyday MathBasic

Percentage Change

\%\Delta = \frac{new - old}{old}\times 100

Relative change between two values.

Geography & EarthBasic

Slope / Gradient

\text{gradient} = \frac{\text{rise}}{\text{run}} \times 100\%

Steepness of terrain as a percentage.

Math Tricks (3)

Percentage Flip Trick

x% of y = y% of x. When one direction is hard, flip it! This works because (x/100)×y = (y/100)×x.

View trick

Percentages with Building Blocks

Any percentage can be built from 10%, 5%, and 1% — quick to find and easy to combine.

View trick

Quick Tip Calculation

Find 10% first, then build 15% or 20% from it in your head.

View trick