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43 results for “line”

Formulae (43)

Slope-Intercept Form

y = mx + b

Equation of a straight line.

AlgebraIntermediate

Point-Slope Form

y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)

Line through a point with a given slope.

AlgebraAdvanced

System of Two Linear Equations

x = \frac{c_1 b_2 - c_2 b_1}{a_1 b_2 - a_2 b_1}

Cramer-rule solution for two simultaneous equations.

Geometry & TrigonometryBasic

Midpoint Formula

M = \left(\frac{x_1+x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right)

Midpoint of a line segment.

Geometry & TrigonometryBasic

Slope of a Line

m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}

Steepness of a straight line.

Statistics & ProbabilityAdvanced

Pearson Correlation

r = \frac{\sum (x_i-\bar{x})(y_i-\bar{y})}{\sqrt{\sum(x_i-\bar{x})^2\sum(y_i-\bar{y})^2}}

Measures linear correlation between two variables.

Data Science & MLBasic

ReLU Activation

f(x) = \max(0, x)

Rectified Linear Unit: outputs the input if positive, else zero.

Data Science & MLBasic

Euclidean Distance

d = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_i - b_i)^2}

Straight-line distance between two points in n-dimensional space.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Determinant (2×2)

\det\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} = ad - bc

Determinant of a 2×2 matrix.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Dot Product

\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b} = \sum_i a_i b_i = |a||b|\cos\theta

Scalar product of two vectors.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Cross Product Magnitude

|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}| = |a||b|\sin\theta

Magnitude of the vector perpendicular to two vectors.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Vector Magnitude

|\vec{v}| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2 + v_3^2}

Length of a vector.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Eigenvalue Equation

A\vec{v} = \lambda\vec{v}

Defines eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Inverse of a 2×2 Matrix

A^{-1} = \frac{1}{ad-bc}\begin{pmatrix} d & -b \\ -c & a \end{pmatrix}

Inverse of a 2×2 matrix (ad−bc ≠ 0).

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Trace of a Matrix

\text{tr}(A) = \sum_i a_{ii}

Sum of the diagonal entries of a square matrix.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Vector Projection

\text{proj}_{\vec{b}}\vec{a} = \frac{\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b}}{|\vec{b}|^2}\vec{b}

Projection of vector a onto vector b.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Matrix Addition

(A+B)_{ij} = a_{ij} + b_{ij}

Matrices of equal size add entry by entry.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Scalar Multiplication

(cA)_{ij} = c\,a_{ij}

Multiply every entry of a matrix by a scalar.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Identity Matrix

AI = IA = A

The identity matrix leaves any matrix unchanged under multiplication.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Matrix Transpose

(A^T)_{ij} = a_{ji}

Reflects a matrix across its main diagonal.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Determinant (3×3)

\det = a(ei-fh) - b(di-fg) + c(dh-eg)

Determinant of a 3×3 matrix by cofactor expansion.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Matrix Trace

\text{tr}(A) = \sum_i a_{ii}

Sum of the diagonal entries of a square matrix.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Dot Product

\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b} = \sum a_i b_i

Sum of componentwise products of two vectors.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Vector Magnitude

\|\mathbf{v}\| = \sqrt{\sum v_i^2}

Length of a vector.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

Angle Between Vectors

\cos\theta = \frac{\mathbf{a}\cdot\mathbf{b}}{\|a\|\|b\|}

Angle from the dot product and magnitudes.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Scalar Triple Product

\mathbf{a}\cdot(\mathbf{b}\times\mathbf{c})

Volume of the parallelepiped spanned by three vectors.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Identity Matrix Property

AI = IA = A

Multiplying by the identity leaves a matrix unchanged.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Transpose of a Product

(AB)^T = B^T A^T

The transpose of a product reverses the order.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Rank-Nullity Theorem

\text{rank}(A) + \text{nullity}(A) = n

Relates rank and null space dimension to columns.

Linear AlgebraIntermediate

2×2 Matrix Product

\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}e&f\\g&h\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}ae+bg&af+bh\\ce+dg&cf+dh\end{bmatrix}

Product of two 2×2 matrices.

Linear AlgebraBasic

Unit Vector

\hat{\mathbf{v}} = \frac{\mathbf{v}}{\|\mathbf{v}\|}

Vector of length one in the same direction.

Linear AlgebraAdvanced

Determinant of a Product

\det(AB) = \det(A)\det(B)

The determinant of a product is the product of determinants.

PhysicsIntermediate

Angular Momentum

L = I\omega

Rotational analog of linear momentum.

Physics Laws & TheoremsAdvanced

Kepler's Second Law

\frac{dA}{dt} = \text{const}

A line from a planet to the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal times.

Thermodynamics & HeatIntermediate

Linear Thermal Expansion

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T

Length change of a solid when heated.

Optics & WavesAdvanced

Wave Speed on a String

v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}

Speed depends on tension and linear density.

Fluid MechanicsAdvanced

Bernoulli's Equation

P + \tfrac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho g h = \text{const}

Energy conservation along a streamline.

EngineeringIntermediate

Linear Thermal Expansion

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T

Change in length due to temperature change.

Materials & CivilIntermediate

Linear Thermal Expansion

\Delta L = \alpha L_0 \Delta T

Change in length due to temperature change.

Finance & InterestBasic

Straight-Line Depreciation

D = \frac{C - S}{n}

Annual depreciation of an asset.

AccountingBasic

Net Income

NI = Revenue - Expenses

The “bottom line” — total earnings after all expenses, interest and taxes are deducted from revenue.

Business & CommerceBasic

Revenue

Revenue = Price \times Quantity

Total income from sales before any costs are deducted.

Computer ScienceIntermediate

Linearithmic Time

O(n\log n)

Runtime of efficient comparison sorts.