Pharmacology & Dosage
Basic

IV Drip Rate

Drops per minute to deliver a given volume over a set time via IV drip.

Formula

Rate=V×gttT\text{Rate} = \frac{V \times gtt}{T}

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Variables

VVolume to infuse (mL)
gttDrop factor (drops/mL)
TTime (minutes)

Example

1 000 mL over 8 hr (480 min), drop factor 20 → 42 gtt/min

How it works

This formula converts an IV fluid order into a drip rate in drops per minute. It works because the total number of drops needed equals the volume in mL multiplied by the set's drop factor (drops per mL), and dividing by the total infusion time gives drops per minute. In practice, it tells the nurse how fast to adjust a manual IV drip so the full volume is delivered on schedule.

When to use it

Use this when an IV is being run by gravity and you need to calculate the drip rate from a prescribed volume, time, and tubing drop factor. It is common in basic nursing, emergency care, and settings where an infusion pump is not available.

Worked example, step by step

A patient must receive 750 mL of saline over 5 hr using tubing with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. Convert time to minutes: 5 hr × 60 = 300 min Substitute into the formula: Rate = (V × gtt) / T Rate = (750 × 15) / 300 Rate = 11250 / 300 Rate = 37.5 gtt/min Round to a whole drop: 38 gtt/min

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Forgetting to convert hours to minutes before calculating
  • Using the wrong drop factor for the IV tubing set
  • Rounding too early instead of rounding only at the end

Did You Know?

Standard tubing has a drop factor of 20 drops/mL, while micro-drip tubing uses 60 — chosen based on how slowly the fluid must run.

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Reviewed & maintained by the FormulaWon editorial teamLast reviewed September 2026