Boiling Point vs Altitude
Approximate drop in water's boiling point with elevation (h in metres).
Formula
Variables
Example
1500 m: T_b ≈ 100 - 5.3 = 94.7°C
How it works
As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases, so water does not need to get as hot before its vapor pressure matches the air pressure and it starts to boil. This formula gives a quick estimate of how many degrees Celsius the boiling point drops for each metre of elevation gain. It is a practical approximation, not an exact physical law, so it works best for everyday cooking and moderate altitudes.
When to use it
Use this when adjusting cooking times or temperatures in places above sea level, such as mountain towns, hiking shelters, or high-altitude baking. It is also helpful for science problems that need an estimated boiling point from elevation.
Worked example, step by step
Find the boiling point of water at an altitude of 2250 m. T_b \approx 100 - \frac{h}{285} T_b \approx 100 - \frac{2250}{285} T_b \approx 100 - 7.89 T_b \approx 92.1^\circ\text{C} So, the estimated boiling point is about 92.1°C.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Using kilometres instead of metres for h
- Adding the altitude instead of subtracting its effect from 100°C
- Treating the result as exact rather than an approximation
Did You Know?
In high-altitude cities like Denver, water boils around 95°C, so pasta and eggs take noticeably longer.
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