Ships and the sea: hull speed, buoyancy, draft, knots and great-circle navigation
Theoretical top displacement speed in knots from waterline length in feet.
One knot is one nautical mile per hour.
Convert nautical miles to kilometres.
Upward force equals the weight of displaced water.
A floating ship displaces its own weight in water.
Depth of hull below waterline from displacement and waterplane area.
Ratio of inertia to gravity waves; governs hull resistance.
Shortest distance between two points on the globe.
Voyage time from distance and speed over ground.
Ratio of anchor rode paid out to water depth.
Stability measure; positive GM means the ship rights itself.
Speed of ocean waves in deep water from wavelength.
Fuel burn rises with the cube of speed for a ship.
Cargo-carrying capacity: loaded minus empty displacement.
Nautical miles between two latitudes on the same meridian.