Inventory Turnover
How many times inventory is sold and replaced in a period.
Formula
Variables
Example
COGS=$1.2M, avg $200k: T = 6
How it works
Inventory turnover compares how much inventory was used up through sales against the average amount kept on hand. Because COGS measures the cost of items that were sold, dividing it by average inventory shows how many inventory-equivalents were cycled through during the period. A higher ratio generally means stock is moving faster, while a lower ratio can signal slow-moving goods or excess inventory.
When to use it
Use this when you want to judge how efficiently a business manages stock, especially in retail, wholesale, manufacturing, or distribution. It is also useful for comparing performance across periods or between similar companies with different inventory levels.
Worked example, step by step
Step 1: Identify the values COGS = $480,000 Average inventory = $80,000 Step 2: Substitute into the formula T = COGS / \bar{I} T = 480,000 / 80,000 Step 3: Calculate T = 6 Final answer: The inventory turnover is 6, meaning inventory was sold and replaced 6 times during the period.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Using sales revenue instead of cost of goods sold
- Dividing by ending inventory instead of average inventory
- Interpreting a higher turnover as always better without considering stockouts or demand
Did You Know?
Grocery chains turn perishable stock over 15+ times a year; furniture stores may manage only 3-4.
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