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16 results for “surveying”

Formulae (16)

Slope / Grade Percentage

G = \frac{rise}{run} \times 100

Steepness of ground or a road as a percentage.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Area by Coordinates (Shoelace)

A = \frac{1}{2}\left| \sum (x_i y_{i+1} - x_{i+1} y_i) \right|

Area of a polygon from the coordinates of its corners.

Surveying & GeomaticsBasic

Horizontal Distance

H = L \cos\theta

Level distance from a slope distance and its inclination angle.

Surveying & GeomaticsBasic

Vertical Distance

V = L \sin\theta

Elevation change from a slope distance and angle.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Traverse Latitude

Lat = L \cos(\alpha)

North-south component of a traverse line from its length and bearing.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Traverse Departure

Dep = L \sin(\alpha)

East-west component of a traverse line.

Surveying & GeomaticsAdvanced

Traverse Closure Error

E = \sqrt{(\sum Lat)^2 + (\sum Dep)^2}

Straight-line gap between the start and computed end of a closed traverse.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Relative Precision

RP = \frac{E}{P}

Closure error expressed as a fraction of the traverse perimeter.

Surveying & GeomaticsAdvanced

Stadia Distance

D = 100 \, s \cos^2\theta

Horizontal distance from stadia hair readings on a level rod.

Surveying & GeomaticsBasic

Map Scale (RF)

RF = \frac{d_{map}}{d_{ground}}

Representative fraction linking map distance to real-world distance.

Surveying & GeomaticsAdvanced

Earth Curvature Correction

C = 0.0675 \, K^2

Drop due to Earth's curvature over a sight distance (metres, K in km).

Surveying & GeomaticsAdvanced

Radius from Degree of Curve

R = \frac{5729.58}{D}

Radius of a circular road or rail curve from its degree of curve.

Surveying & GeomaticsAdvanced

Area by Simpson's Rule

A = \frac{h}{3}(y_0 + 4\Sigma_{odd} + 2\Sigma_{even} + y_n)

Area under an irregular boundary using parabolic strips.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Area by Trapezoidal Rule

A = h\left(\frac{y_0 + y_n}{2} + \Sigma y_i\right)

Area under a boundary by summing trapezoidal strips.

Surveying & GeomaticsIntermediate

Bearing from Coordinates

\alpha = \arctan\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta N}

Direction of a line from the change in easting and northing.

Surveying & GeomaticsBasic

Slope Between Contours

S = \frac{CI}{d} \times 100

Ground slope from the contour interval and horizontal spacing on a map.