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Formulae (7)

N = N_0 e^{-\lambda t}

Number of nuclei remaining over time.

t_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}

Time for half a sample to decay.

A = \lambda N

Decays per second in a sample.

t = \frac{1}{\lambda}\ln\!\left(1 + \frac{D}{P}\right)

Age of a rock from parent and daughter isotopes.

N = N_0\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{t/t_{1/2}}

Amount remaining after a number of half-lives.

d \approx 1.23\sqrt{h}

Maximum line-of-sight range to the radio horizon for a VHF antenna, driven by antenna height and the curvature of the Earth.

\lambda = \dfrac{c}{f}

Wavelength of a radio signal is the speed of light divided by its frequency; it sets antenna length and dish sizing.