Agriculture & Soil
Basic

Crop Yield

Production per unit area of land.

Formula

Y=PAY = \frac{P}{A}

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Variables

YYield (t/ha)
PTotal production (t)
AArea (ha)

Example

60 t over 12 ha: Y = 5 t/ha

How it works

This formula finds how much crop was produced for each hectare of land. It works by dividing the total harvest by the size of the field, so the result tells you the average output per unit area. This makes it easier to compare different farms or fields, even if they are not the same size.

When to use it

Use this when you want to measure farm productivity, compare yields from different plots, or estimate how much a field produced per hectare. It is common in agriculture, agronomy, and crop reporting.

Worked example, step by step

A farmer harvests 48 t of wheat from 8 ha of land. Y = P / A Y = 48 / 8 Y = 6 t/ha So the crop yield is 6 tonnes per hectare.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Using the wrong units, such as mixing tonnes and kilograms without converting first
  • Multiplying production by area instead of dividing production by area
  • Forgetting that yield is based on total harvested output, not just the planted area if some of it failed

Did You Know?

The Green Revolution roughly tripled cereal yields per hectare, feeding billions more people.

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Reviewed & maintained by the FormulaWon editorial teamLast reviewed September 2026