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4 results for “classical”

Formulae (4)

Classical Probability

P(A) = \frac{\text{favorable outcomes}}{\text{total outcomes}}

Probability of an event with equally likely outcomes.

Electricity & MagnetismAdvanced

Maxwell's Equations

\begin{aligned}\nabla\cdot\mathbf{E}&=\tfrac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0} & \nabla\times\mathbf{E}&=-\tfrac{\partial\mathbf{B}}{\partial t}\\ \nabla\cdot\mathbf{B}&=0 & \nabla\times\mathbf{B}&=\mu_0\mathbf{J}+\mu_0\varepsilon_0\tfrac{\partial\mathbf{E}}{\partial t}\end{aligned}

The four equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated by charges and currents, and how they interact — the complete classical theory of electromagnetism.

Cryptography & SecurityBasic

Caesar Cipher Shift

c = (m + k) \bmod 26

Shift each letter forward by k positions.

Quantum ComputingBasic

Pauli-X Gate (Quantum NOT)

X = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}

Flips |0⟩ to |1⟩ and vice versa — the quantum equivalent of a classical NOT gate.