Scientific Laws & Principles
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Wiedemann–Franz Law

For metals, the ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity is proportional to absolute temperature, with a nearly universal constant.

Formula

κσ=LT\frac{\kappa}{\sigma} = L \, T

Variables

\kappaThermal conductivity
\sigmaElectrical conductivity
LLorenz number
TAbsolute temperature

Example

Good electrical conductors like copper are also good heat conductors.

Did You Know?

Both heat and electricity in metals are carried mainly by the same free electrons — which is why the ratio is so consistent.

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