Number Theory
Basic

Fibonacci Recurrence

Each term is the sum of the two before it.

Formula

Fn=Fn−1+Fn−2F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}

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Variables

F_nnth Fibonacci number

Example

1,1,2,3,5,8,13,...

How it works

This recurrence defines the Fibonacci sequence by saying that each new term is built from the two previous terms. The rule works because it captures a simple “growth by accumulation” pattern: once the first two starting values are chosen, every later value is forced by adding the last two. In the standard Fibonacci sequence, this produces numbers that rise slowly at first and then grow more quickly.

When to use it

Use this formula when you need to generate or identify Fibonacci numbers from earlier terms. It also appears in problems about recursive patterns, combinatorics, and models where a quantity depends on the two previous stages.

Worked example, step by step

Suppose the sequence starts with F1 = 2 and F2 = 3. Find F3: F3 = F2 + F1 = 3 + 2 = 5 Find F4: F4 = F3 + F2 = 5 + 3 = 8 Find F5: F5 = F4 + F3 = 8 + 5 = 13 So the next four terms are 5, 8, and 13.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Adding only the immediately previous term instead of the previous two
  • Starting from the wrong initial values and getting a different sequence
  • Mixing up the index order, such as using F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1} without checking the given terms

Did You Know?

Fibonacci numbers appear in sunflower spirals, pinecones, and the family tree of honeybees.

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Reviewed & maintained by the FormulaWon editorial teamLast reviewed September 2026