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Sum of First n Cubes

Closed form for the sum of the first n cubes.

Formula

∑k=1nk3=(n(n+1)2)2\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^3 = \left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2

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Variables

nUpper limit

Example

1³ + 2³ + 3³ = (3·4/2)² = 6² = 36. ✓

How it works

This identity says that if you add the cubes 1^3 + 2^3 + ... + n^3, the total is exactly the square of the triangular number n(n+1)/2. In other words, the sum of the first n cubes matches the sum 1 + 2 + ... + n multiplied by itself, which is why the result is always a perfect square. It can be proved by algebraic manipulation, induction, or by comparing consecutive square numbers: the jump from one square to the next is an odd number, and stacking those jumps creates the cubic sum pattern.

When to use it

Use this when you need a closed form for a cubic series instead of adding terms one by one, especially in algebra, combinatorics, or induction proofs. It is also useful for checking whether a computed sum of cubes should be a perfect square.

Worked example, step by step

Find the sum of the first 5 cubes. 1^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 + 4^3 + 5^3 = (5(5+1)/2)^2 = (5·6/2)^2 = 15^2 = 225

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Using n^3 instead of the square of n(n+1)/2
  • Forgetting that the formula starts at k = 1, not k = 0
  • Doing the multiplication inside the fraction incorrectly before squaring

Did You Know?

Amazingly, the sum of the first n cubes equals the square of the sum of the first n numbers.

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Reviewed & maintained by the FormulaWon editorial teamLast reviewed September 2026